In Islamic jurisprudence, women's testimony is accepted under certain conditions, which sometimes leads to differences from men's testimony. These differences are also reflected in the Iranian legal system and have faced challenges from the perspective of gender equality and social justice. From the perspective of social justice, women's testimony is not only a judicial right, but also a part of civil and human rights that must be examined with a fair perspective and without gender discrimination. In Imami jurisprudence, the conditions for women's testimony in non-financial matters, such as hudud and diyat, are accompanied by restrictions, while in financial matters and other fields, their testimony is accepted equally or under certain conditions. These differences have also had an impact on the Iranian legal system and have sometimes led to criticism from women's rights advocates. This article examines the jurisprudential foundations of women's testimony and its comparison with the criteria of social justice using a descriptive-analytical method and legal and jurisprudential sources. The results of the study show that despite some jurisprudential limitations, it is possible to revise traditional perceptions and interpretations based on the objectives of Sharia and the principles of social justice. This revision can pave the way for greater harmonization between Islamic rulings and contemporary social requirements, especially in areas where women play a key role in providing testimony.