The role of cultural and social changes in the ruling on childbearing is one of the important issues of the contemporary era. The decline in the population of human societies from ancient times to the present has been a significant concern for family and population policymakers. Today, with the entry of individuals into modern life and their familiarity with Western culture, the issue of childbearing and having children has been neglected by many Islamic families. Many aspects of Western lifestyles, which contradict religious teachings, have infiltrated the lives of Muslims, leading modern Muslim families to hesitate over the issue of childbearing.
Therefore, to clarify the ruling on childbearing and to pay more attention to it— which is the primary function of the family— it is essential to create a proper analytical background and make informed decisions in this regard. The aim of this article is to analyze the role of cultural and social transformations in the ruling on childbearing using descriptive and analytical methods with a critical approach. According to the findings of the research, there is considerable encouragement and promotion for marriage and childbearing in several verses of the Quran and numerous traditions from the Imams (A). Childbearing is regarded as one of the most important objectives of marriage and family formation, and the summary of Quranic and narrational evidence demonstrates its recommended nature as a primary ruling. Given the influence of time and place as secondary rulings, the necessity of the ruling on childbearing also exists, which is shaped under specific conditions by the religious authority